Intellectual Property protection on Networks like file access

Discussion Questions

Is the Turing test a valid test of intelligence? Why or why not?
Although some people may consider it to be a test of intelligence, I do not. Because, a turing test tests the response of the computer rather than the users response on the computer.

List several mental tasks that people do better than computers.

• full dialogue
• understanding different languages
• planning

List several mental tasks that computers do better than people. 

• Mental math
• processing
• synthesiszing
• searching 

Can you find any general characteristics that distinguish the items of the two lists?

• natural, physical, mental, and technical

Chapter 15 Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

1. In what sense is AI a "moving frontier"? Although there are several difficulties that AI researchers face trying to produce truly intelligent machine, many experts believe that people will eventually create artificial beings that are more intelligent than their creators.
   
2. What is a knowledge base? What is an expert system? How are the two related? A Knowledge base contains facts and a system for determining and changing the relationships among those facts. Expert systems are programs designed to replicate the decision-making process of human experts. It also includes a  knowledge base.
3. What distinguishes a robot from a desktop computer?A robot is a computer-controlled machine that performs specific manual tasks and does human jobs.
   
4. What kind of hardware is necessary for a robot to be self-correcting so it can modify its actions based on outside feedback? Robots need output peripherals for manipulating their environment as and input sensors that let them perform self-correcting actions.
5. Why did early machine translation programs fail to produce the desired results? They failed because they did not know the translation
6. Describe some techniques used in game-playing software, and explain how they can be applied to other AI applications.
1. Heuristics
2. Machine learning
3. Pattern recognition
4. Searching
7. In what ways are the techniques of optical character recognition similar to those of speech recognition programs? Optical character recognition's techniques are similar to those of speech recognition programs because they both convert text into images.
   
8. What are some of the problems that make machine vision so challenging?  Some problems come up with masses of irrelevant data, objects that partially cover objects, and more.

Discussion Question 4/15

You are planning on starting your own business selling clothes. Discuss pros and cons for starting an e-business.

Pros:
-having an e-business is what will help keep you updated with your customers
-it is easier for your customers to purchase items
-also, you will save a lot of money because you won't need to rent out place and pay for anything in that facillity
-it is great for networking
-it is convenient for your staff

Cons:
-sometimes, if you do not market your business enough or at all, you may not get that much business
-you may face difficulty with how items are being sold
-you won't be able to develope a good relationship with your customers
-it may be tough to have all the inventory online
-packaging and shipping may become an issue: any errors will affect you and your customers

Chapter 13 Electronic Commerce and E-Business Part One and Two Review Questions

• Is e-commerce possible without the Internet? Explain your answer.
• E-commerce is  definitely possible without the Internet. E-commerce is commerce that happens electronically. For example,buying something through phone.
• What are the purposes of intranet? What are the main characteristics of an intranet?
• The purpose of intranet is to to keep businesses more paperless and their employees more productive. It's characteristics consist of a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and the Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
• What are three important ways companies use intranets?
• delivering tools and applications (like in telconferencing)
• to increase sales and customer relationship management tools
• develop project management
• What is the purpose of extranet? What are the main characteristics of an extranet?
• To provide a private network between two organizations/companies, that only they can get into. Only two groups can know the IP address.
• List the capabilities e-commerce software should provide
• E-commerce should allow users to access their banking accounts, recent purchases, and more.
• Define or describe each of the key terms in the "Key Terms" section. Check your answers using the glossary.
• business-to-consumer: E-commerce transactions that involve businesses providing goods or services to consumers.
• business-to-business: E-commerce transactions that involve businesses providing goods or services to other businesses
• business-to-employee: Another name for the B2B model when the focus is primarily on handling the activities that take place within the organization.
• consumer-to-consumer: The e-commerce model which represents individuals, organizations, or companies that are selling and buying directly with each other via the Internet.
• customer relationship management (CRM): Software systems for organizing and tracking information on customers.
• dot-com: Internet-based companies.
• electronic commerce (e-commerce): Business transactions through electronic networks.
• electronic payment system: An online credit card transaction in which a trusted third party transfers funds from one person or business to another, thereby concealing the credit card information of the buyer from the seller.
• e-commerce software: Programs on a Web server that provide the commercial services to consumers and business partners on the Web site.
• extranet: extended intranet
• inranet: A self-contained intraorganizational network that is designed using the same technology as the Internet.
• mobile commerce (m-commerce): Mobile commerce, in which workers use laptops and wireless handheld devices to take their offices with them wherever they travel.
• virtual private network (VPN): A network that uses encryption software to create secure “tunnels” through the public Internet or between intranets; a method an organization can use to set up an extranet.
• Web hosting service: A service that provides the e-commerce software and expertise to run an online business
• Describe some ethical issues involved in electronic commerce.
• With electronic commerce, users could be worried about how reliable the software is. Also, they could be worried abut whether or not their intellectual property is at risk.
• Describe the three forms of e-commerce.
• mobile commerce
• Business to Busines commerce
• Business to Employee commerce

Discussion Question 4/13

If someone discovers a cure for the common cold, I believe that they should keep it a secret, because the common cold is not neccessarily life-threatening. In fact, everybody gets it- it is a regular thing. If it was a cure for Cancer, then definetly yes, they should tell everyone about it. But, with the cold, it is just something that comes and goes, it is not that big of a deal. And, workers will benefit more than people who get the cold. Because, common cold is temporary, jobs are not supposed to be. That's why people usually react negatively to advances in technology, and because their not always sure whether or not the technology will work and how it will it will effect people.

Chapter 12 Information Systems in Business Review Questions Part One

1. What are the types of information workers in our information economy?
•  There are many types of information workers in our information economy are:
• Blogging
• Content Managers
• Social Media Consultants
2. What are the components of the value chain model?
• Control
• Processing
• Input
• Output
3.  What is the purpose of a transaction processing system?
• The purpose of a transaction processing system is that it can help an organization process and manage transactions in a short amount of time, especially in a transaction heavy environment which creates efficiency in the environment.
4. What are the functions and roles of a manager in an organization?
•  The functions and roles of a manager in an organization is to manage people and resources and to help achieve the company's goals and objectives.

1. What is de-skilling? What is up-skilling? Give examples of each. De-skilling is basically when a job is automated and is transformed so that it requires less skill. Up-skilling is where jobs that are upscaled by automation.
2. Describe several ways people use home computers.There are many ways people use home computers. For example, imagine a student who is working on a research paper and they need to get some information about a historical event. They can do so by using their home computer and going on history websites. Also, they can use their home computer to type and publish the paper. Another example can be that a da is travelling for work purposes and misses his family, his family can use their home computer and web chat with him.
3. Describe how multimedia can be used by teachers and students in the classroom. Give examples. Multimedia is a great complementary tool for teaching in the classroom. Because students, especially children, learn best through exploration and invention. With multimedia, such as games, help students to explore artificial environments , whether imaginary or real.
4. How is home entertainment being changed by computer technology and telecommunication.Through computer technology and telecommunication, home entertainment has changed a lot. Especially in regards to how usable it is. Anybody can easily make an account on a vidro conferencing website, such as Skype and if they have a webcam connected to their computer, which nowadays all computers have.

Chapter 11 Class Work Discussion Questions

1. Do computers increase or decrease efficiency? Explain.
• I believe that computers increase efficiency, especially in the work place. Computers do several jobs, whether small or big, that save other workers time. Such as collecting and organizing files for certain clients. Or, computers are a great source of communication. That is, in the work place, using computers are great for communicating with customers and clients. Thus, saving workers time and money, and in the end creating a better company
2. What are some fears generated by the use of tech/computers in the work place?
• Some isssues arise with using certain computers and technology in the workplace, especially in regards to reliability. With computers, there are chances that they loose all information after a power shortage. Or, loose all neccessary software for the company. Another fear could be that some workers are not familiar with certain technology and computers that they cannot continue and progress in their job.
3. List 3 jobs/skills that have become obsolete in the 21st century and 3 jobs/skills that have taken their place.
• One job is an elevator operator. Elevator operators are no longer needed because they in of the "collective operation" systems we have now, an elevator can answer peoples commands and requests.
• Another job is an Iceman, who in the olden times would provide people with iceboxes that were stocked with iced to keep food cold. Now, we have electric refridgerators, and no longer need icemen.
• Another job is a file clerk, who use to organize files for a company. But now, there are computers that have files stored on them.  

Chapter 11 "Computers at work, school, and home" Review Questions Part One

1. What are major components of the modern automated factory?
• Today's modern automated factory uses computers at every level of operation. Computer-aided design and manufacturing, robots, automated assembly lines, and automated warehouses all work together to produce factories that don't need that many workers.
2. How has the evolution of the automated office paralleled to the evolution of the computer?
• In the past, office automation centered on mainframes that were run by highly trained technicians. Today's office is more likely to use networked PCs and workstations for decentralized enterprise computing.
3. What kind of an education does a student need to prepare for living and working in the information age?
• In the information age students expect to change jobs several times, but they should be prepared for an ever-changing world by getting familiar with technological familiarity, literacy, mathematics, culture, communication, problem solving, and ability to to learn and adjust to new things.
4. What are smart cards, and how are they used?
• A smart card is a plastic medium sized card , with an embedded microchip that can be loaded with data. Smart cards contain a lot of information and can be programmed for different applications. Some of them have certain programming and data to support several applications. They can be made to be inserted into a slot and read by a specific reader.