Chapter 15 Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

1. In what sense is AI a "moving frontier"? Although there are several difficulties that AI researchers face trying to produce truly intelligent machine, many experts believe that people will eventually create artificial beings that are more intelligent than their creators.
   
2. What is a knowledge base? What is an expert system? How are the two related? A Knowledge base contains facts and a system for determining and changing the relationships among those facts. Expert systems are programs designed to replicate the decision-making process of human experts. It also includes a  knowledge base.
3. What distinguishes a robot from a desktop computer?A robot is a computer-controlled machine that performs specific manual tasks and does human jobs.
   
4. What kind of hardware is necessary for a robot to be self-correcting so it can modify its actions based on outside feedback? Robots need output peripherals for manipulating their environment as and input sensors that let them perform self-correcting actions.
5. Why did early machine translation programs fail to produce the desired results? They failed because they did not know the translation
6. Describe some techniques used in game-playing software, and explain how they can be applied to other AI applications.
1. Heuristics
2. Machine learning
3. Pattern recognition
4. Searching
7. In what ways are the techniques of optical character recognition similar to those of speech recognition programs? Optical character recognition's techniques are similar to those of speech recognition programs because they both convert text into images.
   
8. What are some of the problems that make machine vision so challenging?  Some problems come up with masses of irrelevant data, objects that partially cover objects, and more.